Head and Neck Cancer Symptoms and Treatments

California resident, Brian Frenzel graduated from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business, where he obtained a master of business administration specializing in corporate finance. He is also a former officer in the US Navy, where he served as a department director and taught undergraduate and graduate level courses in mathematics and physics at the US Navy Nuclear Power School. Brian Frenzel currently serves as the chief executive officer of Tosk, Inc., a company that develops treatments for head and neck and other cancers.

Head and neck cancer is a life-threatening condition that accounts for approximately four percent of all cancers in the US. Cancers that are known collectively as head and neck cancers usually begin in the squamous cells that line the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck, for example, those inside the mouth, throat, and larynx. Head and neck cancer can also occur in the sinuses, the tongue, the nose, and the salivary glands. There has been slow, but steady, progress in the treatment of head and neck cancer over the years, resulting in a five-year survival rate of about 50% in the US.

The most common treatments for head and neck cancer are surgery, using lasers or excision, radiation therapy, using high energy x-rays or beams of protons to kill cancer cells in the tumors, and chemotherapy, using drugs such as cisplatin and methotrexate. These methods can be used alone or in combination. Recent advances in immunotherapies, which activate the patient’s immune system to fight the cancer, are also used in later stage head and neck cancer. The most common of these are the recently approved drugs, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo).